Pregnancy 4: effects on the digestive, lymphatic and immune systems

Learn why pregnancy can cause gastrointestinal problems such as morning sickness, constipation and acid reflux, as well as lymphoedema and oedema.

Abstract

Pregnancy significantly alters the physiology of the maternal gastrointestinal tract, increasing risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Nausea and vomiting is common and, when severe, is known as hyperemesis gravidarum. Progesterone increases transit times in the colon, increasing the risk of constipation, which is a risk factor for haemorrhoids. Maternal specific and non-specific immune responses need
to balance protecting the mother from infection and preventing foetal rejection.

Citation: Knight J (2023) Pregnancy 4: effects on the digestive tract, lymph and immune systems. Nursing Times [online]; 119: 12.

Author: John Knight is associate professor, School of Health and Social Care, Swansea University.